The menopause is a process that occurs over months and years, involving changes in hormonal levels, menstrual cycles, and egg production. It marks a significant physiological and psychological transition for many. For those with symptoms of ADHD, the impact of this change can be even more challenging.
Why does the menopause affect ADHD symptoms?
During perimenopause and menopause, levels of oestrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and other hormones fluctuate and decline. These hormones play a crucial role in cognitive function and emotional regulation, which are areas already implicated in ADHD symptoms.
Oestrogen, in particular, has a direct influence on dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin, neurotransmitters that help with focus, memory, mood, and impulse control. Since ADHD is associated with lower dopamine activity, a drop in oestrogen can intensify symptoms including brain fog, low mood, and increased emotional sensitivity.
In fact, many individuals report a sudden worsening of ADHD symptoms or even receive a late diagnosis during midlife, as challenges become more disruptive and harder to manage.
Diagnosing ADHD
For all genders, ADHD can be missed at an early age, particularly for those who are adept at masking or are considered ‘high functioning’. This means that many with symptoms of ADHD do not receive the support they need until much later in life. Menopause can disrupt many of the coping mechanisms, bringing ADHD symptoms to the forefront.
Symptom overlap between ADHD and menopause
Research suggests that there are several symptoms that overlap between the perimenopause/menopause and ADHD. These include:
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Forgetfulness
- Sleep difficulty
- Libido changes
This crossover can make it difficult to work out what is caused by menopause and what is related to ADHD. However, the exacerbation of symptoms and challenges masking them can be frustrating. This makes it even more important to explore treatment and management options with a clinician to manage these symptoms before they become too overwhelming.
Managing symptoms
- HRT: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) supports the drop in hormone levels that occur during the menopause.
- Medication review: If you already take medication to manage ADHD symptoms, consider meeting with your clinician for a review.
- Workplace adjustments: Explore options for flexible working, regular check-ins and accommodations to support memory and functioning.
- Therapy: Support from ADHD-informed therapists with experience working with people experiencing menopause can help with developing strategies for stress-management, self-regulation, and coping with demands.
