How to Support Teens with Neurodevelopmental Conditions

Supporting autistic teenagers is crucial for fostering their development, self-esteem, and overall wellbeing. As they navigate the complexities of adolescence, autistic teens can face unique challenges that can impact their social interactions, academic performance, and mental health.

Understanding the Autism Spectrum

Each autistic teenager is unique, with their own strengths and challenges. Understanding characteristics such as difficulties with communication, social skills, and sensory processing can help adults provide appropriate support tailored to individual needs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Many parents of autistic teens report that the behavioural challenges their children exhibit may not stem from autistic characteristics, but rather from typical teenage desires for independence and self-direction.

1. Promote Open Communication

Encourage teenagers to express their feelings, thoughts, and concerns without fear of judgment. Use straightforward language and visual supports, such as social stories or diagrams.

2. Foster Independence

Encouraging autonomy is crucial during adolescence. Providing opportunities for teenagers to make choices and take responsibility for their actions can enhance their sense of control. One strategy may be to give teens more control over their schedules as a way to promote independence. Gradually increasing responsibilities, such as planning meals or managing personal hygiene, can be helpful to boost their confidence and decision-making skills.

3. Tailor Educational Support

If the young person is in education, working with their school to create an education plan can ensure that they are receiving the necessary support in school. Accommodations may include modified assignments, extended time for tests, or sensory-friendly classroom environments. Encouraging teenagers to advocate for their learning needs can also help them develop self-advocacy skills (Lindsay, 2019).

4. Encourage Social Interaction

Facilitating social opportunities can help autistic teenagers build friendships and improve social skills. Work with them to encourage participation in clubs, extracurricular activities, or community programs aligned with their interests. Role-playing scenarios can also assist them in practicing social interactions in a safe environment (Bellini et al., 2007).

5. Create a Sensory-Friendly Space

Designate a quiet space at home where they can retreat when feeling overstimulated. This could include calming items like noise-cancelling headphones, fidget toys, or soft lighting (Ashburner et al., 2010).

6. Develop Coping Strategies

Work with teenagers to identify effective coping strategies for managing anxiety or sensory overload. Techniques may include deep breathing exercises, mindfulness practices, or sensory breaks. Regularly discuss mental health and encourage them to share their feelings. Providing access to counseling or support groups can create safe spaces for them to express their emotions and connect with others who share similar experiences (Shtayermman, 2009).

7. Celebrate Achievements

Acknowledging their efforts and milestones reinforces positive behaviour and encourages growth. Creating a reward system that recognizes both effort and outcomes can be particularly motivating (Pillay et al., 2015).

The National Autistic Society’s “Know Yourself Series” has some useful tools designed specifically for autistic teenagers. It includes some helpful videos, worksheets, and guides to self-regulate or manage your energy as an autistic young person.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author.
Ashburner, J., Ziviani, J., & Rodger, S. (2010). The impact of sensory processing difficulties on social participation in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(4), 632-642.
Bellini, S., Peters, J. K., & Benner, L. (2007). The development of social skills in children with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 22(2), 103-110.
Koegel, L. K., & LaZebnik, C. (2009). Growing Up on the Spectrum. New York, NY: Penguin Group.
Lindsay, S. (2019). The importance of self-advocacy for students with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 2046-2055.
Pillay, H., et al. (2015). Celebrating successes: Using a strengths-based approach to build resilience in children and adolescents with autism. The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 32(1), 24-36.
Shtayermman, O. (2009). The relationship between mental health, autism, and self-determination. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2(1), 58-74.